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There's a country on Earth
that has everything.
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There's a country on Earth
that hides many stories.
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Stories about millenary civilizations...
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and people who were the foundation
of society as we know it today.
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There's a country that hides
ancestral myths and legends,
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which have been passed on for centuries
from generation to generation.
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There's a place that still hides secrets,
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and it wants the world to discover them.
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Welcome to Peru: A hidden treasure.
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From the coasts of the Pacific
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to the dense Amazon rainforest,
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and along the Andes, the highest mountains
in the American continent,
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there's a country with a history
dating back thousands of years.
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From the first men
who inhabited these lands
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to the first known civilizations,
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it's a home to one of the biggest empires
that once lived on Earth.
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It's an empire that amazes
the entire world even today
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with its culture and architecture.
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With its strategies and organization
as a civilization.
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it's an empire that extended almost
over all South America at one point.
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Peru is a country characterized
by cultural diversity,
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landscapes,
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the different species that live in it,
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and its rich and lush vegetation.
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It's a country whose development
has been determined by the relationship
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between man and nature.
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It's a country with a coastline
that goes from North to South.
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It has shores that lean out to the ocean,
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and embraced by one
of the driest places on Earth.
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On this shore,
we find the current capital city of Peru.
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Lima.
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Lima is on these cliffs,
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and it is a home
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to over eight million people.
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It's a city that watches over
and fervently protects the entire country.
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It's a country that hides stories.
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At one of the beaches, we find one
of Peru's best protected traditions.
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Huanchaco is the home
of the caballitos de totora.
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This vessel used by the local fishermen
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is built with the totora,
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a plant that grows lavishly in the area.
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Some people say surfing was invented here.
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The story says that the local fishermen
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were the first to ride the waves
on the caballitos de totora.
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At sunset, on their way back from fishing,
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they rode the waves
when they are near the shore,
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making a game out of it at first,
and later, a sport.
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Dono Urcia is one of the locals
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who protects this tradition,
which is almost 3,000 years old.
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He shows it to the tourists and passes it
from one generation to another.
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The Peruvian Pacific Coastline
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extends from the North,
at the border with Ecuador,
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and to the South,
at the border with Chile.
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It's a coast with crystal clear waters,
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dry deserts, and mountain ranges
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that reach the sea with its last slopes.
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The relation between men and the sea
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goes back to the origins of mankind.
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It has served as a guide
to find new worlds
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and as the beginning of the exchange
between cultures and civilizations
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that have shaped society in our planet.
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The sea has felt the impact of evolution
and its balance is in danger.
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These waters have been guarded
by traditional fishermen
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who have never stopped fighting
for the safety of the ocean
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and have become contemporary
allies on their side.
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They are allies who take care
of the beaches,
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the ocean, and the villages nearby.
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Curious, adventurous and bold allies...
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The Peruvian surfers
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who discovered a world of perfect beaches,
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and have fostered the creation
of new urban centers.
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Their premise is to enjoy nature,
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to take care of it and to raise awareness
of its importance
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for the survival of every species,
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including human beings.
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I dare to say that I'm one
of the first professional surfers in Peru.
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I was amazed at the speed
we reached on water.
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I couldn't believe it.
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I already liked it, but then it hit me
and I fell in love with this sport.
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Brunela is a young female surfer
from the North, from Máncora.
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She is very talented.
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I really like how she surfs
because it has so much power.
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Tomás understands the lines
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and those new moves
that we see now on the circuit.
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If he works diligently and hard,
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he could be one of the best.
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Punta Hermosa,
a beach few minutes away from Lima.
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It's one of the surfing capitals in Peru.
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Máncora is a peaceful enchanting beach
with a quiet sea.
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The first surfers in Peru discovered
several beaches up North.
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Chasing the perfect waves
and an eternal Summer,
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they reached Cabo Blanco.
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You spend a few days there
and you share time with people.
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You feel the place,
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and you easily fall in love
because life there is simple.
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But at the same time,
you get to experience
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something really rare,
which are these perfect waves.
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It's like our treasure
because it is always summer.
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It is always warm and sunny,
and that is something very hard to find.
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Rises usually come
from the Southern Hemisphere
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and from the Northern Hemisphere.
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There are storms
that generate hurricane force winds
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that raises huge waves in the open sea
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and travel all the way to the shore.
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We know that
if there are big waves in Hawaii,
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they will reach
the north of Peru in five days.
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About 540 kilometers from Cabo Blanco
in the Port of Malabrigo
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is Chicama Beach.
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This beach is known worldwide
for having the longest wave on Earth.
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Visitors from everywhere
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come to this beach to defy nature.
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Being a great surfer is not enough.
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Whoever decides
to ride waves at this beach
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will face the exceptional challenge
of riding the board
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much longer than usual.
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Here, we could ride a wave
that is 2.5 kilometers long,
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as long as we have the skill
and strong legs.
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Up North, at El Ñuro,
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under the green waters...
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It is like greeting a regular visitor
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for the green turtle.
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The endangered species
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is protected by almost
every government in the world.
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In many cases,
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turtles go to the Peruvian Shore
after nesting in Galápagos.
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This is only one of the many creatures
that inhabits our ocean.
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During July and August,
Peruvian beaches receive another visitor,
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one of the biggest mammals on Earth,
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the humpback whale.
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Males fight over the female in heat.
And after their conception,
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the female has a gestation period
of 11 months before giving birth.
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They travel thousands of kilometers
from the South Artic
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to the Peruvian Coast to give birth
and take care of their offspring.
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This mammal can weigh around 30 to 50 tons
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and be between 12 and 16 meters long.
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The orca is their sole natural predator,
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but human negligence and climate change
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are the two main reasons
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for the drastic drop
in the global population of this whale.
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This cruel reality has caused
a reinforcement of measures
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for the conservation and care
of this species worldwide,
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managing to control its population
over the last years.
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Far from this incredible sea life,
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and barely 550 meters above sea level,
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there is the Nazca Desert.
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This piece of land
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holds one of the biggest mysteries
of mankind,
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The Nazca Lines.
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It's a set of images of animals.
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The gigantic geometric shapes
perfectly traced
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in an area of over 600 square kilometers
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make it impossible to believe
they were drawn by humans.
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If we take into account that
they were created over 1,500 years ago,
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a theory states that
they were not drawn by humans.
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However,
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the strongest theories argue
that it was the Nazca Civilization
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who inhabited the area at that time.
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It has not yet been determined
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whether the drawings
were parts of a gigantic calendar,
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if they were astronomical signs,
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or if they held a divine
or protective power.
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From the sky,
one can see animals and vegetables,
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and geometric shapes
that extend for kilometers.
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The Nazcas created a system of aqueducts
which would enable the sowing
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in areas like deserts,
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where it almost never rains.
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Thanks to these structures,
we know that the Nazcas
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were great forward-thinking engineers.
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However, the method
to such a perfect trace line
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and the perfection in their angles
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will forever remain a mystery.
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The Peruvian desert
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offers a rocky and distressing view
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that makes it hard to believe
that life is possible there.
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In this very same desert,
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we find one of the miracles
Earth grants us with.
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These sand dunes protect a wonder
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and mystery of nature,
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the Huacachina oasis.
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Sand dunes in the desert of Ica
extend through several kilometers.
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They go as far as the eye can reach.
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The green water emerges from underground,
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creating a sense of peace.
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Local people embrace the serenity
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and invite visitors
to an unforgettable journey.
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Behind the oasis
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is the Sun God
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worshiped by every culture
who inhabited these lands...
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It sets in the horizon
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and gives room
to the cold night in the desert.
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Nowadays, Lima is also
the gastronomic capital of the country,
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and some of the best chefs
in the world live here.
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I was born between these two worlds.
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My father is Japanese
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and my mother is Peruvian
with Japanese blood in her family.
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I love cooking.
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Our drive as chefs
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is to make people happy,
and that makes us happy.
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Once, I said
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that good perfume would be one made
of garlic and onions scents.
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My grandmother visited the market.
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The lady who worked with her
is named Maura.
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She cooked for the entire week.
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On Saturdays, I didn't go to school
so I used to sleep late.
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Maura would come by nine in the morning,
and would start cooking.
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Of course, the first thing she did
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was to chop garlic, onions, cilantro...
And I used to wake up to that.
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I would have my breakfast in the kitchen,
and of course, I would watch Maura cook.
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It didn't take long for me
to say, "Can I help you?"
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She used to cook Creole Food,
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but with a taste of Japanese influence.
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She worked with my grandmother.
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At that moment it was not called
Nikkei Food.
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However, it was a Creole cuisine
with hints of Japanese food.
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So I left. I went to Japan.
I had my grandparents' house.
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I knew life in Japan was going to be hard,
but I always knew that I belong in Peru.
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I never wanted to stay there.
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I left Peru to learn all that I could,
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so then I could come back here
and use my knowledge.
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00:28:18,208 --> 00:28:21,667
The person who gave me
that final push and said,
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"Hey, why don't you try this?",
was my father.
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00:28:23,833 --> 00:28:26,167
He told me, "I told you
that I saw you as an investment
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and not as a son.
If I'm going to invest in someone,
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it should be someone that I trust
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who will make things right
and to someone I won't invest in vain."
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00:28:34,125 --> 00:28:39,333
He said, "I believe in what happened
to you and I can invest in you."
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Peru has the recipe for the perfect dish.
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The secret comes
from three main ingredients.
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Its tradition,
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which comes
from all its millenary civilizations,
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the biodiversity of its products,
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and finally, the influence
from foreign cultures.
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All of that, for instance,
can be found in Arequipa...
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with its spicy food restaurants.
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00:30:20,917 --> 00:30:23,292
Part of the secret of Peruvian food
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00:30:24,250 --> 00:30:28,083
are the fruits that the land
and the ocean bear.
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00:30:31,542 --> 00:30:34,708
In El Ñuro, fishery is artisanal.
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To this day, fishermen use
the same techniques
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they practiced hundreds of years ago.
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The goal of the region
is not only to maintain
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the traditional techniques in fishery,
but also make it sustainable.
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00:31:10,458 --> 00:31:12,958
Brave and lone fishermen
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00:31:13,042 --> 00:31:16,208
venture up to 20 miles offshore
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00:31:16,292 --> 00:31:20,375
defying nature in little rafts.
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At the end of the day,
groups of artisanal fishermen
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give us a glimpse of a stunning view.
249
00:31:47,792 --> 00:31:54,000
Far away, a little vessel can be seen,
and next to it, dozens of them.
250
00:31:54,083 --> 00:31:57,125
They all come back
from offshore with their daily catch.
251
00:32:01,708 --> 00:32:07,333
The number of fishermen trying
to recover this ecosystem is increasing,
252
00:32:07,417 --> 00:32:11,125
and they struggle to raise awareness
about caring for the oceans.
253
00:32:28,208 --> 00:32:33,208
Far from the shore, inland Peru,
there is the Highland Region.
254
00:32:34,458 --> 00:32:37,083
Northeast of the Department of Arequipa,
255
00:32:37,167 --> 00:32:40,000
there is a valley that extends nearly
256
00:32:40,083 --> 00:32:42,542
12,000 square kilometers,
257
00:32:42,625 --> 00:32:46,708
with depressions
of up to 4,000 meters deep.
258
00:32:49,667 --> 00:32:51,333
Infinite valleys
259
00:32:52,917 --> 00:32:55,083
and mountains reach the skies.
260
00:32:57,708 --> 00:33:00,458
Canyons shaped by time
261
00:33:00,542 --> 00:33:03,333
lie across the Peruvian Andes.
262
00:33:05,333 --> 00:33:09,042
Valleys guarded by beings
who had arrived there
263
00:33:09,125 --> 00:33:11,417
long before humans.
264
00:33:13,500 --> 00:33:17,333
It is the largest flying land bird
on Earth.
265
00:33:20,208 --> 00:33:22,625
Its wingspan of almost three meters
266
00:33:22,708 --> 00:33:25,292
claims this place as its home
and it eagerly watches
267
00:33:25,375 --> 00:33:29,083
what once was the largest empire
in South America.
268
00:33:30,083 --> 00:33:31,708
It is the Andean condor.
269
00:33:32,792 --> 00:33:36,667
It's a carrion bird with black feathers
and a slender body.
270
00:33:36,750 --> 00:33:41,083
White feathers cover its neck and wings,
271
00:33:41,167 --> 00:33:44,042
and it flies up to 70 kilometers per hour.
272
00:33:45,958 --> 00:33:48,958
The Inca civilization considered
the condor as immortal.
273
00:33:50,042 --> 00:33:54,958
According to a myth,
this bird can live up to 75 years.
274
00:33:55,042 --> 00:33:58,500
When it gets old and when it feels
that it is losing its strength,
275
00:33:59,167 --> 00:34:03,667
it alights on the highest peak,
retracts its wings and feet,
276
00:34:03,750 --> 00:34:08,125
and plummets off
into the bottom of a canyon
277
00:34:08,208 --> 00:34:09,958
where its reign ends.
278
00:34:10,625 --> 00:34:15,125
With this symbolic death,
the condor goes back to its nest
279
00:34:15,208 --> 00:34:19,292
from where it will be reborn
into a new cycle of life.
280
00:34:20,375 --> 00:34:22,625
The condor represented strength,
281
00:34:22,708 --> 00:34:26,667
intelligence, elation and exaltation.
282
00:34:26,750 --> 00:34:29,542
It was an animal respected by every being
283
00:34:29,625 --> 00:34:34,333
who had inhabited the Andes
even before America were discovered.
284
00:34:34,417 --> 00:34:37,833
An animal responsible
not only of good and bad omens,
285
00:34:37,917 --> 00:34:42,000
but also of bringing
the sun up every morning,
286
00:34:42,083 --> 00:34:44,958
bearing their energy allowed them
to grab the star
287
00:34:45,042 --> 00:34:48,458
and raise it above the mountains
so that the vital cycle would begin.
288
00:34:49,375 --> 00:34:51,542
The condor protects its family.
289
00:34:51,625 --> 00:34:55,958
It teaches their offspring to fly,
and it's only when they can manage
290
00:34:56,042 --> 00:34:59,583
to live by themselves and let them
start writing their own destiny.
291
00:35:00,958 --> 00:35:05,375
But it will never leave the partner
that it has spent its life with,
292
00:35:05,458 --> 00:35:08,792
because one would jump into the canyon
293
00:35:08,875 --> 00:35:11,708
if the other one leaves this world early.
294
00:35:27,333 --> 00:35:30,958
These mountains run through Peru
from North to South,
295
00:35:31,042 --> 00:35:33,333
like the backbone of a country
296
00:35:33,417 --> 00:35:37,583
that has witnessed cultures and
civilizations blossom throughout history.
297
00:35:40,042 --> 00:35:44,333
Up North,
there is the Department of Amazonas,
298
00:35:44,417 --> 00:35:47,875
one of the most beautiful areas
in the Peruvian Highlands.
299
00:35:49,292 --> 00:35:54,125
On the rocky walls of these mountains,
our ancestors left
300
00:35:54,208 --> 00:35:57,708
the testament
of their traditions and culture.
301
00:36:01,708 --> 00:36:03,833
The Carajia sarcophaguses...
302
00:36:06,792 --> 00:36:11,125
are the main expression
of a pre-Inca culture
303
00:36:11,208 --> 00:36:13,292
known as the Chachapoya culture.
304
00:36:16,333 --> 00:36:18,917
As we can see, two of these leaders
305
00:36:19,000 --> 00:36:21,250
have skulls on their sarcophagus.
306
00:36:21,333 --> 00:36:23,250
This could be a sign of their leadership
307
00:36:23,333 --> 00:36:27,625
in a warlike civilization
as the Chachapoyas were.
308
00:36:34,042 --> 00:36:36,167
In the Andean world view,
309
00:36:36,250 --> 00:36:40,375
the mountains were sacred.
They represented the origin of life.
310
00:36:40,458 --> 00:36:45,625
Burying people in this mountain was a way
of going back to the beginning of life,
311
00:36:45,708 --> 00:36:49,417
and taking the highest ruler
to a secluded place
312
00:36:49,500 --> 00:36:51,875
that's inaccessible to everyone.
313
00:36:53,458 --> 00:36:55,667
The techniques they used to access
314
00:36:55,750 --> 00:36:59,792
these remote places remain a mystery.
315
00:37:11,000 --> 00:37:15,250
The Peruvian Andes
run along the entire region,
316
00:37:15,333 --> 00:37:19,500
drawing landscapes
among big mountains, canyons,
317
00:37:19,583 --> 00:37:24,917
rivers and an area of biodiversity plants
known as Highland Jungle.
318
00:37:25,542 --> 00:37:30,083
This vegetation covers the mountains
with trees and countless species.
319
00:37:38,750 --> 00:37:42,042
Up North, precisely on these lands,
320
00:37:42,125 --> 00:37:45,667
we find one of the most beautiful places
in Peru.
321
00:37:49,500 --> 00:37:51,167
It's the Gocta waterfall.
322
00:38:01,625 --> 00:38:03,625
To get to this magical place,
323
00:38:03,708 --> 00:38:06,917
we have to go
over five kilometers of trails,
324
00:38:07,000 --> 00:38:09,500
and hanging bridges through the mountains,
325
00:38:09,583 --> 00:38:13,250
forests, rivers and lush vegetation.
326
00:38:23,250 --> 00:38:27,875
This waterfall is over 700 meters tall,
327
00:38:28,417 --> 00:38:30,458
one of the highest on Earth.
328
00:38:37,625 --> 00:38:39,625
This amazing region
329
00:38:39,708 --> 00:38:43,917
is now the pride of the bordering villages
330
00:38:44,000 --> 00:38:46,667
that guard and watch over
this wonder of nature.
331
00:38:51,750 --> 00:38:57,875
Local people tell legends of treasures
guarded by hidden mermaids
332
00:38:57,958 --> 00:39:00,667
hiding at the bottom of the lake
that the waterfall creates.
333
00:39:18,958 --> 00:39:23,917
About 100 kilometers South of this area,
it is necessary to go across two mountains
334
00:39:24,000 --> 00:39:27,708
and to travel several kilometers
from the nearest village
335
00:39:27,792 --> 00:39:32,250
to get to an archeological site
fiercely protected in Peru.
336
00:39:40,125 --> 00:39:42,583
The fortress of Kuelap.
337
00:39:51,375 --> 00:39:53,917
This place belongs
to the Chachapoya culture.
338
00:39:54,000 --> 00:39:57,875
It is located 3,000 meters
above sea level.
339
00:39:58,667 --> 00:40:03,500
The citadel was built in different stages
throughout several centuries.
340
00:40:31,833 --> 00:40:37,042
The Chachapoyas controlled this region
from 900 A.D.,
341
00:40:37,583 --> 00:40:41,458
until the arrival of the Incas after 1400.
342
00:40:58,125 --> 00:41:00,458
The Incas added them into their empire
343
00:41:00,833 --> 00:41:05,542
and while they scattered them out
in order to keep them under control,
344
00:41:05,625 --> 00:41:10,375
they respected their customs,
which remain alive in the region.
345
00:41:32,958 --> 00:41:37,542
To the Southeast,
we find one of Peru's biggest treasures.
346
00:41:43,417 --> 00:41:49,083
The highest waterway on Earth
is 4,000 meters above the sea.
347
00:41:51,958 --> 00:41:55,792
It's a stretch of water that extends
over 6,000 square kilometers,
348
00:41:55,875 --> 00:41:58,625
and it seems like an ocean
in the middle of the Andes.
349
00:42:03,667 --> 00:42:05,917
When sailing on the lake,
one can lose himself
350
00:42:06,000 --> 00:42:08,750
in the horizon, and yet he will not see
the other side of the shore.
351
00:42:08,833 --> 00:42:11,250
A wonder of nature
352
00:42:11,333 --> 00:42:13,042
that is still home to communities
353
00:42:13,125 --> 00:42:16,458
that live the way their ancestors did
centuries before.
354
00:42:20,000 --> 00:42:21,667
As the legend goes,
355
00:42:21,750 --> 00:42:25,583
the Inca Empire was born in this lake.
356
00:42:26,458 --> 00:42:29,042
But long before this great civilization,
357
00:42:29,125 --> 00:42:32,958
these waters were inhabited
by other cultures and civilizations.
358
00:42:37,000 --> 00:42:39,833
The Uros are a native community
359
00:42:39,917 --> 00:42:43,250
which live on floating islands
along the lake.
360
00:42:48,333 --> 00:42:50,833
On these islands
made with the totora plant,
361
00:42:50,917 --> 00:42:53,625
the Uros organize their communities.
362
00:42:55,208 --> 00:43:00,458
If we travel through the river,
we would find big and small groups
363
00:43:01,000 --> 00:43:03,083
formed by a small group of families.
364
00:43:04,042 --> 00:43:08,375
These communities distribute
the power among themselves,
365
00:43:08,458 --> 00:43:12,750
rotating the power of command
and the decision making.
366
00:43:19,208 --> 00:43:22,000
Women and men
367
00:43:22,083 --> 00:43:25,458
take turns as the majors.
It's the elderly people,
368
00:43:25,542 --> 00:43:30,083
the wisest ones, who are in charge
of keeping the tradition alive
369
00:43:30,167 --> 00:43:33,917
and inherit their knowledge
from generation to generation.
370
00:43:43,292 --> 00:43:47,542
Far from the Uros,
and even farther from the city of Puno,
371
00:43:47,625 --> 00:43:51,083
we find one of the prettiest islands
of Titicaca lake.
372
00:43:54,083 --> 00:43:57,958
The island of Taquile,
or Intike in Quechua language.
373
00:43:58,667 --> 00:44:04,042
It's a perfect masterpiece of nature that
extends to a total of five kilometers.
374
00:44:09,208 --> 00:44:13,750
Bathed by the crystal clear waters
of the Titicaca lake,
375
00:44:13,833 --> 00:44:17,292
this island hosts a community
that preserves its language and culture.
376
00:44:28,583 --> 00:44:33,292
Surrounded by a rich environment,
their livelihood is based on agriculture,
377
00:44:33,375 --> 00:44:35,708
craftsmanship and knitting.
378
00:44:37,833 --> 00:44:43,375
Nowadays, islanders market products
with the Uros and other local communities,
379
00:44:43,458 --> 00:44:48,167
and amazingly,
they still practice barter transactions.
380
00:44:49,958 --> 00:44:53,708
An island that to this day
does not have electricity
381
00:44:53,792 --> 00:44:55,833
or access to telecommunications
382
00:44:55,917 --> 00:44:58,292
it invites us to a travel back in time
383
00:44:58,375 --> 00:45:02,292
and to go to a complete disconnection
from the world as we know it.
384
00:45:10,375 --> 00:45:14,292
On this island lives
one of the most traditional families.
385
00:45:15,042 --> 00:45:17,000
Everyone has a role here,
386
00:45:17,625 --> 00:45:21,500
from harvesting potatoes
to hand weaving looms.
387
00:45:24,292 --> 00:45:28,500
At the highest point,
almost 4,100 meters above sea level,
388
00:45:29,125 --> 00:45:31,833
these two brothers bid farewell to the sun
389
00:45:31,917 --> 00:45:34,917
hiding far away in the horizon.
390
00:46:03,542 --> 00:46:08,125
Southeast of Peru,
on the Eastern mountainside of the Andes,
391
00:46:08,208 --> 00:46:10,417
in the watersheds of the Huatanay river,
392
00:46:10,500 --> 00:46:14,542
we find one of the most charming cities
on Earth.
393
00:46:18,583 --> 00:46:22,625
Cradle of one of the most fascinating
civilizations,
394
00:46:23,167 --> 00:46:25,375
the capital of Inca Empire.
395
00:46:28,792 --> 00:46:31,667
Legend tells that in the Titicaca lake,
396
00:46:31,750 --> 00:46:34,667
two siblings were born,
who were also husband and wife.
397
00:46:34,750 --> 00:46:38,875
They are Manco Capac and Mama Ocllo,
sons of the Sun God,
398
00:46:38,958 --> 00:46:42,333
They will carry out the mission of forming
the capital of the future empire
399
00:46:42,417 --> 00:46:45,542
in the valley
of the Huatanay river, in Cuzco.
400
00:47:02,292 --> 00:47:06,458
The streets still show traces
of the Inca times
401
00:47:06,542 --> 00:47:09,250
entangled with the colonization period.
402
00:47:10,000 --> 00:47:13,375
In its architecture, we can see
the influence of both cultures.
403
00:47:13,458 --> 00:47:17,250
Its result is an exciting
and breathtaking city.
404
00:47:18,917 --> 00:47:21,958
Surrounded by houses built
centuries before,
405
00:47:22,833 --> 00:47:26,958
the residents still keep
its tradition alive even today.
406
00:47:30,042 --> 00:47:33,833
Historians agree on a curious fact.
407
00:47:33,917 --> 00:47:36,958
While there are traces of civilizations
408
00:47:37,042 --> 00:47:39,458
who inhabited the region hundreds,
409
00:47:39,542 --> 00:47:42,417
perhaps even thousands of years
before the Incas,
410
00:47:42,500 --> 00:47:47,875
it wasn't until the 13th century A.D.
that this city reached its peak,
411
00:47:48,792 --> 00:47:51,875
making it the capital of the Inca Empire.
412
00:47:51,958 --> 00:47:55,417
The largest empire that
the American continent has ever seen
413
00:47:55,500 --> 00:47:58,625
and one of the biggest on Earth.
414
00:49:06,083 --> 00:49:09,167
Just a little over 100 kilometers
from the city of Cuzco,
415
00:49:09,250 --> 00:49:12,208
by train, flanking the Urubamba river,
416
00:49:14,417 --> 00:49:16,875
or by walking through the mountains,
417
00:49:18,667 --> 00:49:20,625
traversing sacred locations,
418
00:49:23,333 --> 00:49:26,125
there are paths hiding ancestral stories.
419
00:49:28,417 --> 00:49:30,250
Through those, we could reach
420
00:49:30,333 --> 00:49:33,375
one of the New Seven Wonders of the World.
421
00:49:38,625 --> 00:49:41,917
A masterpiece of engineering
and architecture
422
00:49:43,167 --> 00:49:46,542
that is evidence on how advanced
the Inca Empire was.
423
00:49:53,542 --> 00:49:57,833
Amid mountain peaks and a river
that meanders the valleys,
424
00:49:59,167 --> 00:50:00,292
we find...
425
00:50:02,458 --> 00:50:04,333
the Incan ruins of Machu Picchu.
426
00:50:19,208 --> 00:50:21,375
It was an administrative,
427
00:50:21,458 --> 00:50:25,208
educative, political, religious
428
00:50:25,292 --> 00:50:28,375
and scientific research institute
of the Inca Empire.
429
00:50:32,583 --> 00:50:37,500
Incan culture was only developed
for 300 years,
430
00:50:38,125 --> 00:50:42,167
from the year 1200
until the Spanish arrived.
431
00:50:44,667 --> 00:50:46,458
In that short span,
432
00:50:46,542 --> 00:50:49,292
they managed to build an empire
that eventually conquered
433
00:50:49,375 --> 00:50:51,750
and added to its own political system
434
00:50:51,833 --> 00:50:54,375
different cultures, and civilizations
435
00:50:54,458 --> 00:50:57,750
throughout a great part of South America.
436
00:51:01,167 --> 00:51:05,167
They built this architectural marvel
on top of a mountain
437
00:51:05,250 --> 00:51:07,667
using the stone emerging in the region.
438
00:51:15,833 --> 00:51:20,750
The Incas, who walked on these streets
and slept sheltered by these walls,
439
00:51:20,833 --> 00:51:24,083
were extremely advanced for their time.
440
00:51:28,125 --> 00:51:32,000
It wasn't until the Spaniards arrived
that this empire collapsed.
441
00:51:36,208 --> 00:51:40,792
Today, the Inca civilization
is the pride of every Peruvian
442
00:51:40,875 --> 00:51:45,500
who seek to keep their heritage,
tradition, and legacy alive.
443
00:51:47,042 --> 00:51:50,500
Our roots and our respect towards them
444
00:51:50,583 --> 00:51:52,625
will keep the legacy
of a civilization alive,
445
00:51:52,708 --> 00:51:57,000
that until today is admired
by the rest of the world.
446
00:52:28,000 --> 00:52:32,833
Peru bears the responsibility
of preserving an ecosystem
447
00:52:32,917 --> 00:52:35,333
that is very significant to Planet Earth.
448
00:52:38,750 --> 00:52:39,917
Amazonia.
449
00:52:43,708 --> 00:52:45,792
Located in the Loreto region,
450
00:52:45,875 --> 00:52:47,958
this habitat running through the land
451
00:52:48,042 --> 00:52:51,500
of over six million square kilometers
452
00:52:51,583 --> 00:52:54,583
is the largest tropical forest on Earth
453
00:52:54,667 --> 00:52:58,542
and reaches nine countries
throughout South America.
454
00:53:07,042 --> 00:53:10,333
Amazonia is known as the lungs of Earth
455
00:53:11,167 --> 00:53:14,667
and it is the home
to a great biological richness.
456
00:53:17,500 --> 00:53:23,000
In this dense forest live a myriad
of still unidentified plants,
457
00:53:24,833 --> 00:53:26,000
thousands of birds,
458
00:53:27,667 --> 00:53:29,125
and millions of insects.
459
00:53:35,542 --> 00:53:36,708
The forest
460
00:53:37,375 --> 00:53:39,625
is full of wild animals.
461
00:53:42,208 --> 00:53:44,958
Each of them plays an elemental role
462
00:53:45,042 --> 00:53:47,125
in the balance of this ecosystem.
463
00:53:48,458 --> 00:53:51,417
Being the feast to another species
464
00:53:51,500 --> 00:53:54,333
is the ever-present menace.
465
00:53:56,542 --> 00:53:58,000
This nocturnal monkey,
466
00:53:58,500 --> 00:54:01,167
which is seldom spotted awake
during the day,
467
00:54:01,250 --> 00:54:04,542
must hide in these hollow trees
468
00:54:04,625 --> 00:54:07,917
to stay away
from other life-threatening creatures.
469
00:54:09,458 --> 00:54:11,417
Only if they feel imminent danger
470
00:54:11,500 --> 00:54:15,292
would they come out
to study the surroundings.
471
00:54:21,208 --> 00:54:22,750
Near this tree
472
00:54:22,833 --> 00:54:27,000
lives a great array of monkeys
that climb high
473
00:54:27,625 --> 00:54:30,750
to protect themselves
against other menacing species.
474
00:54:40,167 --> 00:54:41,833
The boa constrictor
475
00:54:41,917 --> 00:54:44,583
can be up to four meters long
476
00:54:44,667 --> 00:54:46,375
and can camouflage itself with vegetation.
477
00:54:49,917 --> 00:54:54,125
It rolls up the trunks and can creep up
to its prey's hiding places
478
00:54:55,042 --> 00:54:57,292
to hunt by suffocation.
479
00:55:07,792 --> 00:55:09,958
Each species has its preference.
480
00:55:11,167 --> 00:55:14,292
Some of them have covenants of peace
481
00:55:14,375 --> 00:55:17,792
and it allows them to stay alive
in this world of predators.
482
00:55:24,708 --> 00:55:28,542
There are also unbelievable creatures
483
00:55:28,625 --> 00:55:31,875
who seem to live oblivious
to the dangers of the forest,
484
00:55:31,958 --> 00:55:35,125
like sloths
485
00:55:35,208 --> 00:55:40,125
who spend most of the day napping
between tree branches.
486
00:55:41,417 --> 00:55:44,417
A mammal who can camouflage itself
within vegetation
487
00:55:44,500 --> 00:55:46,458
due to the greenish color of its coat.
488
00:55:52,458 --> 00:55:55,958
It feeds on leaves and enjoy sunbathing.
489
00:55:58,042 --> 00:56:00,792
On warm days, it shows off their belly.
490
00:56:01,458 --> 00:56:03,500
But when the clouds arrive,
491
00:56:03,583 --> 00:56:08,667
this animal sinks into a specific position
to preserve nice body heat.
492
00:56:11,208 --> 00:56:15,875
Its diet is solely responsible
for its slow metabolism
493
00:56:15,958 --> 00:56:18,042
and its unhurried movements.
494
00:56:26,333 --> 00:56:28,625
On the leaves of this very same tree
495
00:56:30,583 --> 00:56:32,458
lives this tarantula.
496
00:56:35,208 --> 00:56:37,708
It can spend the entire day still
497
00:56:37,792 --> 00:56:42,042
to prepare for the hunting hours
during the night.
498
00:56:46,792 --> 00:56:49,750
Its favorite food are insects,
499
00:56:49,833 --> 00:56:55,208
such as ants marching like an army
on the forest soil.
500
00:56:55,875 --> 00:56:58,833
They are also the perfect meal
501
00:56:58,917 --> 00:57:00,958
for this strange specimen,
502
00:57:01,625 --> 00:57:03,333
the poison frog.
503
00:57:03,417 --> 00:57:07,167
This little amphibian
is barely a centimeter and a half long,
504
00:57:07,250 --> 00:57:10,958
and it is one of the most
lethal animals on Earth.
505
00:57:13,375 --> 00:57:18,125
Its poison comes from the toxins
of the insects that it feeds on.
506
00:57:19,292 --> 00:57:21,750
Its colors allow it to camouflage itself
507
00:57:21,833 --> 00:57:25,750
and to stay safe
from its natural predators.
508
00:57:35,750 --> 00:57:39,833
This frog is not the only animal
that brings color to the Amazonia.
509
00:57:43,375 --> 00:57:47,583
Hundreds of butterflies display
their beauty in this ecosystem.
510
00:57:52,375 --> 00:57:56,417
But they are not the only ones flying
over the rivers and forests.
511
00:57:58,625 --> 00:58:03,167
Countless birds plow through
the skies of this forest.
512
00:58:19,833 --> 00:58:21,333
An unconquerable climate.
513
00:58:23,917 --> 00:58:26,792
The scorching heat lashes
the region constantly
514
00:58:26,875 --> 00:58:29,583
while humidity rises up from the rivers.
515
00:58:37,042 --> 00:58:41,625
Although precipitations are consistent,
516
00:58:41,708 --> 00:58:43,458
their intensities vary
depending on the season
517
00:58:44,125 --> 00:58:46,583
and it rains almost every day.
518
00:58:50,000 --> 00:58:52,667
But the sun is always there, too.
519
00:59:01,625 --> 00:59:03,417
Over a number of months,
520
00:59:03,500 --> 00:59:06,958
the forests get flooded
and receive new nutrients
521
00:59:07,042 --> 00:59:09,750
that help this diverse ecosystem
522
00:59:09,833 --> 00:59:12,042
get constantly renewed.
523
00:59:14,250 --> 00:59:17,583
The floods are part of the perfect balance
524
00:59:17,667 --> 00:59:20,125
of the miracles that nature gives us.
525
00:59:23,125 --> 00:59:27,458
Rivers and canyons flank these forests.
526
00:59:31,208 --> 00:59:33,875
It is precisely in the South of Peru
527
00:59:33,958 --> 00:59:37,708
where the Amazon river rises,
in the Arequipa region.
528
00:59:41,792 --> 00:59:45,042
Its waters go all the way down
from the snowy Misti
529
00:59:45,125 --> 00:59:46,750
to the Ucayali river.
530
00:59:46,833 --> 00:59:48,625
This, along with the Marañón river,
531
00:59:48,708 --> 00:59:51,667
are the two main streams
of the Amazon river.
532
00:59:56,292 --> 01:00:00,375
These two currents meet to create
533
01:00:00,458 --> 01:00:02,500
the longest river on Earth,
534
01:00:04,667 --> 01:00:08,625
containing one fifth of the total amount
of freshwater in a liquid state.
535
01:00:15,208 --> 01:00:16,667
In the Loreto region,
536
01:00:17,250 --> 01:00:20,792
we find the Pacaya-Samiria
National Reserve.
537
01:00:22,417 --> 01:00:24,500
With two million hectares,
538
01:00:24,583 --> 01:00:27,667
this is the largest
floodable tropical forest
539
01:00:27,750 --> 01:00:30,625
in the Peruvian Amazonia.
540
01:00:34,583 --> 01:00:38,042
It is also the second largest reserve
in Peru.
541
01:00:40,500 --> 01:00:45,375
Native communities have been living here
542
01:00:45,458 --> 01:00:47,583
since the ancient times.
543
01:00:53,458 --> 01:00:55,208
Thanks to the preservation
544
01:00:55,292 --> 01:00:57,167
and the conservation of this area,
545
01:00:57,250 --> 01:01:00,042
these communities and their habitat
546
01:01:00,125 --> 01:01:02,500
are protected and secured.
547
01:01:03,125 --> 01:01:07,000
Deep in the Amazon forest,
there are still native communities
548
01:01:07,083 --> 01:01:09,333
that haven't been counted,
549
01:01:09,792 --> 01:01:12,875
and others that zealously protect
their practices,
550
01:01:12,958 --> 01:01:16,042
dialects, and traditions,
551
01:01:18,083 --> 01:01:22,792
such as the San Jorge community
living by the Marañón river.
552
01:01:35,042 --> 01:01:38,333
The river dolphin swims there.
553
01:01:59,333 --> 01:02:03,208
This friendly animal has managed
to adapt to freshwater
554
01:02:03,292 --> 01:02:06,208
and it is common to see them
swimming in pods.
555
01:02:07,625 --> 01:02:10,250
They can protect each other this way.
556
01:02:29,583 --> 01:02:33,417
Not every creature in the forest chooses
to live in the company of others.
557
01:02:36,000 --> 01:02:38,750
A lonely animal lives here.
558
01:02:38,833 --> 01:02:41,083
An animal that throughout its life
559
01:02:41,167 --> 01:02:43,958
has only needed to hide from one predator:
560
01:02:44,792 --> 01:02:46,042
humans.
561
01:02:51,292 --> 01:02:55,125
The otorongo is better known as a jaguar.
562
01:02:58,083 --> 01:03:01,375
The largest and most iconic
feline of America,
563
01:03:01,458 --> 01:03:04,292
and one of the largest in the world.
564
01:03:13,250 --> 01:03:17,083
The otorongo rarely goes near humans.
565
01:03:17,167 --> 01:03:21,583
Its sense of smell allows him to sense
humans from over 200 meters away,
566
01:03:22,208 --> 01:03:25,708
and to stay away from its biggest threat.
567
01:03:29,333 --> 01:03:34,375
Its extravagant skin is the reason
that this species is endangered
568
01:03:34,458 --> 01:03:37,500
since it used to be marketed.
569
01:03:45,958 --> 01:03:49,583
Their conservation is a widespread
concern nowadays.
570
01:04:21,333 --> 01:04:24,500
The richness of the Amazon forest
571
01:04:25,083 --> 01:04:29,250
most probably has the answer and cure
to almost every disease
572
01:04:29,333 --> 01:04:30,625
that troubles human beings.
573
01:04:31,875 --> 01:04:33,125
Its plants
574
01:04:33,875 --> 01:04:35,208
and vegetation
575
01:04:35,958 --> 01:04:38,708
hold the active ingredients
576
01:04:38,792 --> 01:04:41,458
to practically any medicine,
577
01:04:41,542 --> 01:04:44,208
no chemicals or industries involved.
578
01:04:44,708 --> 01:04:49,708
Nature itself could be the answer
to every illness.
579
01:04:52,042 --> 01:04:54,042
Since ancient times,
580
01:04:54,125 --> 01:04:58,000
shamans have developed
a superior knowledge
581
01:04:58,458 --> 01:05:02,917
of how nature can be used
to cure human beings.
582
01:05:08,042 --> 01:05:09,542
Luis Culquitón
583
01:05:09,625 --> 01:05:13,917
is one of the most renowned
and acclaimed shamans in the world.
584
01:05:14,792 --> 01:05:17,833
His refuge is located
deep in the Peruvian Amazon.
585
01:05:24,875 --> 01:05:26,917
At this earthly paradise,
586
01:05:27,000 --> 01:05:29,833
he receives people
who are looking for healing.
587
01:05:33,583 --> 01:05:36,458
When the shaman talks to the visitors,
588
01:05:36,542 --> 01:05:38,667
he will reach the bottom of their soul
589
01:05:38,750 --> 01:05:41,458
to be able to find
the source of their suffering
590
01:05:41,542 --> 01:05:44,667
and then decide the best healing process.
591
01:05:46,792 --> 01:05:48,583
The ritual of Ayahuasca
592
01:05:48,667 --> 01:05:51,833
is the first step
towards an interior healing
593
01:05:51,917 --> 01:05:55,375
and a cleansing of the soul
that prepares the visitor
594
01:05:55,458 --> 01:05:58,750
for the treatment the shaman
has chosen for them.
595
01:06:04,583 --> 01:06:07,792
Industries cannot heal modern men.
596
01:06:08,417 --> 01:06:10,833
It's their minds,
597
01:06:10,917 --> 01:06:13,958
their problems, and worries
598
01:06:14,042 --> 01:06:16,917
that make their ailments.
599
01:06:17,000 --> 01:06:21,625
And nature is the one
that holds the cure for them.
600
01:06:57,833 --> 01:07:02,167
The Amazon still hides
our greatest treasure.
601
01:07:02,250 --> 01:07:04,333
Taking care and preserving it
602
01:07:04,417 --> 01:07:08,625
means to keep the raw materials alive
to heal mankind.
603
01:07:38,125 --> 01:07:40,333
The Peruvian tropical forests
604
01:07:40,417 --> 01:07:44,958
play an essential role
in the world's ecosystem.
605
01:07:49,292 --> 01:07:52,000
These forests preserve the humidity
606
01:07:52,083 --> 01:07:55,625
that brings warmth not only to the Amazon,
607
01:07:55,708 --> 01:07:57,375
but also to the entire world.
608
01:08:01,625 --> 01:08:05,542
This humidity helps balance
the temperature
609
01:08:05,625 --> 01:08:08,833
of the entire planet
610
01:08:08,917 --> 01:08:12,125
through the equator's air flows.
611
01:08:17,417 --> 01:08:21,917
Its deforestation could endanger
every species on the planet,
612
01:08:22,000 --> 01:08:23,792
including human beings.
613
01:08:23,875 --> 01:08:27,625
Its impact will affect
temperatures worldwide
614
01:08:27,708 --> 01:08:30,208
which could worsen global warming,
615
01:08:30,708 --> 01:08:33,458
and as a consequence,
cause climate catastrophes
616
01:08:33,542 --> 01:08:36,292
that could end the world as we know it.
617
01:08:41,083 --> 01:08:43,708
It is our responsibility
618
01:08:43,792 --> 01:08:46,833
to preserve the environment
and its condition
619
01:08:46,917 --> 01:08:50,250
to present the Earth
to the next generations
620
01:08:50,333 --> 01:08:51,875
just as we know it now.
621
01:09:07,792 --> 01:09:12,417
This place is essential
to comprehend and preserve our history.
622
01:09:18,708 --> 01:09:20,375
It has been a sacred place.
623
01:09:26,167 --> 01:09:31,167
Strangely, no matter the beliefs
of its residents here,
624
01:09:31,250 --> 01:09:34,792
none of them were either forced
or prohibited.
625
01:09:38,333 --> 01:09:39,500
Pachacamac
626
01:09:40,250 --> 01:09:42,292
is, thus, a good example
627
01:09:44,000 --> 01:09:47,417
of a place that brings together
the cultures and beliefs
628
01:09:47,500 --> 01:09:49,292
of those who had inhabited this country.
629
01:09:54,667 --> 01:09:57,750
It's a place declared
as a historic heritage
630
01:09:58,250 --> 01:10:03,042
that holds the archeological treasures
of iconic past cultures.
631
01:10:40,750 --> 01:10:42,625
It is in our Latin America
632
01:10:42,708 --> 01:10:46,542
where different cultures
and traces of the world meet.
633
01:10:48,667 --> 01:10:52,250
Peru stands as the example
of tolerance and coexistence.
634
01:10:55,042 --> 01:10:58,250
This country is a treasure in itself.
635
01:11:00,333 --> 01:11:03,208
Within its people and traditions
636
01:11:03,292 --> 01:11:06,542
lie its most precious treasure.
637
01:11:06,625 --> 01:11:09,708
Congruity of ancestral civilizations,
638
01:11:10,250 --> 01:11:13,375
influence, and descendants
639
01:11:13,458 --> 01:11:15,917
of civilizations from every continent.
640
01:11:17,750 --> 01:11:21,167
It is through its culture and customs
641
01:11:21,250 --> 01:11:25,458
and even its culinary tradition
that this country exists.
642
01:11:25,542 --> 01:11:30,958
It is through the races and ethnicities
that have lived here,
643
01:11:32,458 --> 01:11:37,583
and through the understanding
of the nature that surrounds it
644
01:11:37,667 --> 01:11:41,917
that we can comprehend the relation
between men and the environment.
645
01:11:43,375 --> 01:11:45,750
It is through knowledge
646
01:11:45,833 --> 01:11:50,208
that we can grasp the importance
of preserving and knowing our past.
647
01:11:50,833 --> 01:11:54,333
It is through the appreciation
of the land we live in
648
01:11:54,417 --> 01:11:57,917
that we can work
toward a conscious preservation.
649
01:12:01,417 --> 01:12:04,833
Protect it as the pride it represents
and show it to the entire world.
650
01:12:04,917 --> 01:12:07,458
Unity made us different,
651
01:12:07,542 --> 01:12:11,375
and unity can make us great in the future.
652
01:12:12,750 --> 01:12:15,500
It's here where we find Peru,
653
01:12:16,417 --> 01:12:17,958
a hidden treasure.
654
01:12:21,667 --> 01:12:23,125
Our treasure.
655
01:12:25,000 --> 01:12:27,208
Subtitle translation by Victoria Parma